Law is split into four quadrants:

Public — Private
National
International

This is related to two questions:
1) Does the (public)(international) law apply domestically (Anwendbarkeit)
2) Can the (public) (international law) be enforced by private persons? (Unmittelbar) or instead only by States (Mittelbar).

Unmittelbare Anwendbarkeit in English is
Direct Effect.
This question is more often referred to in U.S. law as “the State Action doctrine” or “the color of law”.

The law of state organization is public law. Thus, in principle, it governs the relations of public law bodies.

We saw in Marbury and Van Gend the questions of whether, and how, public law (Constitution, Treaty) creates rights in private persons, and whether private persons themselves may enforce those rights. We also saw the idea that one law may be reviewed for its conformity with another law.<br />

Mostly in this course we look at Public National law. Please understand, we see legal analogies made between public, private, national, and international law all the time. Yet, to structure our own thinking — which makes our arguments more persuasive — we make the doctrinal (=Rechtsdogmatik) distinctions public/private national/international.
Also, notice: dogma in English is pejorative — a Schimpfwort. Rechtsdogmatik is thus best translated as doctrinal. (Contrast: Rechtslehre = Legal doctrine; Legal scholarship; works of learnèd scholars).

stare decisis – precedence rule (Präzedenzfall – Richterrecht): In common law judges “expound” the customary common law (custom = actual practice + belief the practice is legally obligated or permissible). Cases are analogized to each other (case A is like case B so the same rule 1 which governed case A should govern case B) or distinguished from each other (A is NOT like B for these reasons… and so rule 1 which applied in case A may not apply to case B.)

As well as teaching you law, I am trying to teach you how to think creatively about law: part of that is “counterfactual” reasoning. “What would it lead to”. “What if”.

Read everything you can, but especially read those things which you are curious about.

For tomorrow: McCulloch versus Maryland (Federal versus State powers).