the zhe ce de le
这 的 了
the sound shifts seem to be S, D, Zh, Th, L
th=>zh
th=>l
zh=>s
a table of sound shifts along the lines of grimms law for all phonemes probably exists somewhere.
core meanings: this the of from it that
s=at
n=as
l=in/into
v=at
d/t=to/ward